#236: How to Conjugate “Essere” and “Avere” in the Present Perfect

In the present perfect, “essere” and “avere” are both conjugated with an auxiliary verb and past participle. Each verb serves as its own auxiliary: “essere” uses “essere”, and “avere” uses “avere”.

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Two Main Takeaways

  • When “essere” is used as the auxiliary verb, the past participle must agree with the subject in gender and number.
  • When “avere” is used as the auxiliary verb, no agreement is needed, so the past participle remains unchanged.

Links Mentioned and Other Resources

  • CLICK HERE to listen to episode #107: Italian Past Tenses: Passato Prossimo and Trapassato Prossimo.
  • CLICK HERE to listen to episode #200: Italian Verbs That Only Take “Avere” in Compound Tenses.
  • CLICK HERE to get the 30 Key Phrases for Your Italian Vacation guide, covering the most important phrases you need to know before going to Italy.

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